Massacre of the Innocents (circa 1611–1612), oil on panel, Art Gallery of Ontario | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens

Massacre of the Innocents (circa 1611–1612), oil on panel, Art Gallery of Ontario | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens

The Elevation of the Cross (1610–1611), oil on canvas, Central panel. Cathedral of Our Lady, Antwerp | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens

The Elevation of the Cross (1610–1611), oil on canvas, Central panel. Cathedral of Our Lady, Antwerp | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens

Adam and Eve (1628–1629), oil on panel, Prado museum, Madrid | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens

Adam and Eve (1628–1629), oil on panel, Prado museum, Madrid | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens

Prometheus Bound (1611–1612), oil on canvas, Philadelphia Museum of Art | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens

Prometheus Bound (1611–1612), oil on canvas, Philadelphia Museum of Art | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens

The Three Graces (c. 1635), oil on canvas, Prado Museum, Madrid | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens

The Three Graces (c. 1635), oil on canvas, Prado Museum, Madrid | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens

The Exchange of Princesses (c. 1622-1625), oil on canvas, from the Marie de’ Medici Cycle, Louvre, Paris | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens

The Exchange of Princesses (c. 1622-1625), oil on canvas, from the Marie de’ Medici Cycle, Louvre, Paris | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens

Venus Frigida (1614), oil on wood | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens

Venus Frigida (1614), oil on wood | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens

Nature and Her Followers c.1615, Oil on panel | Jan Brueghel the elder, Peter Paul Rubens

Nature and Her Followers c.1615, Oil on panel | Jan Brueghel the elder, Peter Paul Rubens

Romulus and Remus (1615-1616), oil on canvas | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens

Romulus and Remus (1615-1616), oil on canvas | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens

The Head of Medusa (1618), oil on canvas | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens

The Head of Medusa (1618), oil on canvas | artwork by Peter Paul Rubens